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Of the three kingdoms Silla was
the smallest and was prone to attack by the neighbouring
Japanese. Silla got assistance from the Koguryo
kingdom to drive out the pirates. During this
time select Silla warriors were given training
in Soobak by early masters from the Koguryo kingdom
where Soobak originated.
These warriors were to become known
as the Hwarang-do or "Flower Knights". The Hwarang-do
were an army of warriors who were devoted to cultivating
mind and body and to serve, protect and advance
the Silla kingdom.
The Hwarang-do was made up of the
Hwarang (Hwa = flower, rang = man) or "Flower
men", who were the leaders and the Rangdo or "Fellows"
their soldiers. Only members of the royal family
were able to become leaders and rise to the position
of Hwarang. The Rangdo were the students and soldiers
of the Hwarang, and came from the civilian class.
The Hwarang-do studied various
forms of martial arts, history, Confucian Philosophy,
ethics, Buddhist Morality, and military tactics.
The guiding principles of the Hwarang warriors
were loyalty, filial duty, trustworthiness, valour,
and justice.
Much of the influence of this Hwarang
tradition is due to the leadership of King Chinhung
(540 AD), who was a Hwarang. As a leader he greatly
developed the power and strength of the Hwarang-do.
King Chinhung took on the task of
driving out the Japanese colonies to the east,
followed by a long period of expansion wars, firstly
with the larger Koguryo kingdom to the north and
the fertile valleys of the Paekje Kingdom to the
west.
Because of the skill of the Hwarang
warriors, Silla unified the kingdoms after winning
the war against Paekje in 668 AD and Koguryo in
670 AD and influenced the spread of martial arts
throughout Korea.
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